Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties.
Matter:
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
States of Matter:
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Importance:
Chemistry is used in medicine, industry, and daily life
- Teacher: Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Teacher: Ghulam Murtaza Raja
Introduction:
Physics deals with matter and energy. Measurement is essential to understand physical quantities.
Physical Quantities:
Measurable properties such as length, mass, and time.
SI Units:
Length → meter
Mass → kilogram
Time → second
Importance:
Measurement ensures accuracy in experiments and calculations.
- Teacher: Muhammad Farooq Khan
Definition of Set
A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects.
Examples:
- A = {1, 2, 3}
- B = {a, e, i, o, u}
Types of Sets
1. Finite Set
A set having limited number of elements.
Example: {1,2,3}
2. Infinite Set
A set with unlimited elements.
Example: Natural numbers
3. Empty Set (Null Set)
A set with no elements.
Example: ∅
4. Equal Sets
Two sets having same elements.
Methods of Representation
1. Roster Form
List all elements
Example: A = {1,2,3}
2. Set Builder Form
Define property
Example: A = {x | x < 5}
Basic Operations on Sets
Union (∪)
A ∪ B = elements in A or B
Intersection (∩)
A ∩ B = common elements
Difference (−)
A − B = elements in A not in B
Venn Diagram
Used to represent sets graphically.
- Teacher: Muhammad Farooq Khan